ST_Transform(g, target_srid)

Transforms a geometry from one spatial reference system (SRS) to
another. The return value is a geometry of the same type as the input
geometry with all coordinates transformed to the target SRID,
target_srid. Transformation support is limited to geographic SRSs,
unless the SRID of the geometry argument is the same as the target SRID
value, in which case the return value is the input geometry for any
valid SRS.

Prior to MySQL 8.0.30, this function does not support Cartesian SRSs.
Beginning with MySQL 8.0.30, support is provided for the Popular
Visualisation Pseudo Mercator (EPSG 1024) projection method, used for
WGS 84 Pseudo-Mercator (SRID 3857).

ST_Transform() handles its arguments as described in the introduction
to this section, with these exceptions:

o Geometry arguments that have an SRID value for a geographic SRS do
  not produce an error.

o If the geometry or target SRID argument has an SRID value that refers
  to an undefined spatial reference system (SRS), an ER_SRS_NOT_FOUND
  (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-errors/8.0/en/server-error-reference
  .html#error_er_srs_not_found) error occurs.

o If the geometry is in an SRS that ST_Transform() cannot transform
  from, an ER_TRANSFORM_SOURCE_SRS_NOT_SUPPORTED
  (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-errors/8.0/en/server-error-reference
  .html#error_er_transform_source_srs_not_supported) error occurs.

o If the target SRID is in an SRS that ST_Transform() cannot transform
  to, an ER_TRANSFORM_TARGET_SRS_NOT_SUPPORTED
  (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-errors/8.0/en/server-error-reference
  .html#error_er_transform_target_srs_not_supported) error occurs.

o If the geometry is in an SRS that is not WGS 84 and has no TOWGS84
  clause, an ER_TRANSFORM_SOURCE_SRS_MISSING_TOWGS84
  (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-errors/8.0/en/server-error-reference
  .html#error_er_transform_source_srs_missing_towgs84) error occurs.

o If the target SRID is in an SRS that is not WGS 84 and has no TOWGS84
  clause, an ER_TRANSFORM_TARGET_SRS_MISSING_TOWGS84
  (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-errors/8.0/en/server-error-reference
  .html#error_er_transform_target_srs_missing_towgs84) error occurs.

ST_SRID(g, target_srid) and ST_Transform(g, target_srid) differ as
follows:

o ST_SRID() changes the geometry SRID value without transforming its
  coordinates.

o ST_Transform() transforms the geometry coordinates in addition to
  changing its SRID value.

URL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/spatial-operator-functions.html

